Wax walba oo ku saabsan Qaabka digsi iyo digsi Qaabka
Marka hadalka ku saabsan qaab disk, dadka badankiisu ma oga waxa ay tahay iyo sida loo shaqeeyaan. Tani waa meesha ay qodobkan ka yimaadaa. Maqaalkani waxa uu daboolaa qaybo badan oo ku saabsan qaab disk, guji si aad u akhri qaybta aad xiisaynayso:
Qaybta 1. Waa maxay nidaamka file?
HABABKA FILE
Nidaamyada File waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay uga caawiyaan in uu abaabulo iyo xogta lagu kaydiyo ugu fiican uguna fudud heli karo. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa kala dhan info Qaybo yar oo, ku kaydsan galay unugyada yar oo tiro badan ama qeybaha kala duwan ee drive disk adag ee (HDD). Qaybaha Kuwan waxa nafteeda u qaybsamaan kooxahaasi (Microsoft iyaga ugu yeedho 'unugyada qoondaynta'). Cabbirka cluster kasta waxay ku xiran tahay a sifooyin gaar ah oo dhowr ka mid ah kombiyuutarka. Labada kuwa ugu muhiimsan waxay yihiin System Hawlgalada (OS), baaxadda HDD iyo nidaamka file laftiisa. Iyadoo ku xiran baaxadda ee cluster walba, tayada shaqo ee HDD kala duwan yihiin oo, sidaas awgeed, wax soo saarka computer ee guud ahaan way kala duwan yihiin sidoo kale.
In this article aan si kooban u guudmari iyo is barbar kala muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya saddex nidaam file Windows ugu caansan: FAT32, NTFS & HPFS.
Qaybta 2.File noocyada nidaamka
Guudmar baruurta
Mid ka mid ah hababka file ugu sahlay waa baruurta. The 'File Qoondeynta Table' ugu horeysay waxaa la abuuray by Bill Gates iyo Marc MacDonald sanadkii 1977. In ka badan muddada dheer waxa ay ahayd nidaamka file ugu weyn ee DOS iyo Microsoft Windows (ilaa la sii daayo Windows ME).
In dhammaan hababka baruurta tirada qaybaha ee cluster kasta waa loo siman yahay si xoog qaar ka mid ah labada (tusaale 1, 2, 4, 8, iwm). Gabal kasta oo macluumaadka lagu kaydiyo laguna in xitaa tiro ee ay kooxahaasi (ugu yaraan 1). Sidaas, haddii aanu u baahano in uu kaydiyo 40B macluumaadka iyo baaxadda cluster kasta waa 4KB, waxaan u isticmaali doonaa oo kaliya ku dhawaad 1% ka mid ah xasuusta la heli karo, taas oo ka dhigaysa waa halkii hawlqabad la'aan. Sidaas darteed, yar size ee cluster kasta - wax soo saarka sare ee nidaamka.
Waxaa jira afar qeybood oo ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka file this: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 iyo exFAT. Noocyada intaas oo dhammu waxay ku kala duwan yihiin kasta oo kale marka la eego xaddiga bytes isticmaalay ku kaydiso tirada index of cluster kasta. Sidaas, tusaale ahaan, u FAT16, tirada ay tani tahay 16 iyo wixii la mid ah. In tababar, FAT12 ayaa waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in saxannada kumbiyuutarka, FAT16 ee CD-yar oo cabbirkooda iyo exFAT ayaa weli lagu isticmaalaa in flash drives kala duwan. Nidaamka file oo aan si gaar ah xiiso u yahay FAT32, maadaama ay weli waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan.
FAT32 hore u muuqday la sii daayo Windows 95 OSR2 1996 iyo muhiimad ahaa version cusub ee FAT16. FAT32 isticmaalaa nidaam ka qabashada u kooxahaasi 32B, iyada oo xadku inaad ku xereyso size si siman u 4GB. Ficil ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa in tirada ugu badan ee files on FAT32 waa 4.177.920 oo tirada ugu badan ee files / fayl per folder kasta waa 65,534. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2003 iyo Windows 7 oo dhan FAT32 taageero. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkasta oo labada Windows 2000 iyo Windows XP akhriyi karaan oo qori FAT32, nidaamka file FAT32 ugu weyn ee la abuuri karaa dhufto ee waxay tahay oo kaliya 32GB.
Guudmar HPFS
HPFS ama 'The System File Performance Sare waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay OS / 2 si loo yareeyo xadka baruurta. Ururku waxa uu buugga ka mid ah HPFS waa isla sidii xaydhii, laakiin waxa ay sidoo kale ku darayaa muujinta ah ee soocida iswada ee files, oo ku salaysan magacyadooda. Cabbirka filename laftiisa waa la sii kordhiyay in ilaa 254 characters byte double. Intaa waxaa dheer, HPFS isticmaala qaybaha jirka, halkii ay kooxahaasi, taas oo yaraynaysa meel disk lumay si weyn. Sidoo kale, Baadi HPFS ee saxo awood waa ka sii badan baruurta.
In kastoo, HPFS ayaa khasaaraha ay u gaar ah iyo sidoo kale. Waxa ugu fiican waa u drives in 200MB ka - duwan 400MB. Haddii mugga uu ka yar yahay 200MB, waxa ay taasi HPFS halkii aan fiicnayn; iyo marka mugga ay ka badan tahay 400MB, dadka isticmaala ku horimanayaa waxa ay qaab nabaad-gaar ah. Sidoo kale waxaa lagu taageeray oo kaliya hoos versions Windows NT 3.1, 3.5 iyo 3,51.
Guudmar NTFS
NTFS ama 'System File Technology New' - Nidaamka file by Microsoft. Nidaamka file Default ee qoyska Windows NT. Asal ahaan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay sanadkii 1993, guulaysato badan oo ka horreeyay: HPFS. Its horumarka ugu weyn ka badan HPFS iyo baruurtii waa marka la eego isku halaynta, ka shaqeynayaan sii kordhay iyo xadeynta saaro, marka la barbar dhigo HPFS iyo baruurta.
Halaynta: Marka hore, NTFS had iyo jeer haya macaamilada ka dhanka nidaamka faylka. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in ay si deg deg ah 'rogo dib' ganacsi samayn dhibcood ee la soo dhaafay si nidaamka file inuu ka soo kabsado. Marka labaad, haddii wax gaar gaar ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka uu hoos u dhaco, waxaa kaliya oo keena hal failure qaybta ah, taas oo saameyn kuma yeelan doono nidaamka file dhan ku ool ah. Mar saddexaad, NTFS taageertaa qamaar kulul.
Shaqeynta: NTFS laftiisa bixisaa madal ballaaran ee nidaamka file kale in laga dul dhisay. Waxa kale oo ay taageertaa model ammaanka Windows NT oo badan durdurrada xogta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa saamaxaya kuwa isticmaala in lagu daro sifooyin gaar ah lagu qeexay in faylka la doortay.
Xadeynta baabbi'in; Tan ugu muhiimsan, hoos NTFS baaxadda faylasha iyo Muga ayaa aad u kordhay, ogolaanayo in ay noqon ilaa 2 ^ 64 bytes. La mid ah in baruurta, NTFS sidoo kale wuxuu isticmaalaa kooxahaasi, taas oo uu xalinayo dhibaatada size ah qaybta go'an, soo food saaray dadka isticmaala HPFS ee.
Isagoo ka hadlayay khasaaraha, waxaa lagu talinayo in aan u isticmaalo mugga, yar 400MB (dhibaato la mid ah HPFS). Sidoo kale, waxaa weli ma sirta file nidaamka file this.
FAT32 vs NTFS
Currently NTFS waa nidaamka caadiga ah file u dhan OS Windows, laga bilaabo Windows NT iyo wixii ka dambeeyey. Ayaa saddex sababood oo waaweyn in ay door bidaan in ka badan FAT32 waa:
Marka laga reebo kaliya ee uu noqon lahaa haddii aad isticmaasho dual-booting on your computer. Lahaanshaha laba OS kala duwan on your computer tusinaysa in OS hore waa in lagu rakibay on FAT32. Sidoo kale, waxaad u baahan tahay in la hubiyo in FAT32 waxaa ah xijaab aasaasiga ah ee computer in.
Gunaanad: Sidaas, nidaamka file quman u Windows maalmahan waa NTFS. Inkastoo, haddii aad weli isticmaalaya FAT32 iyo la yaabanahay sida in wax laga beddelo, halkan waa hage ku haboon sida loo badalo si NTFS oo aan laga badinin wixii macluumaad muhiim ah.
